The Hansa-Bande and the Aktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten
In 1977, the neo-Nazi Freizeitverein Hansa (Hansa leisure club) littered the city with swastika graffiti and desecrated cemeteries. In November 1977, this ‘Hansa-Bande’ (Hansa Gang) gave rise to the Aktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten (ANS - Action Front of National Socialists).
Aktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten
The ANS was comprised of some 400 individuals throughout the Federal Republic of Germany, and collaborated closely with the NSDAP/AO in the US. Their spokesperson, Michael Kühnen, ensured that the ANS grabbed the attention of the media with taboo-breaking publicity stunts, such as their donkey-mask campaign denying the Holocaust. ANS members were also involved in terrorist attacks. In 1981, a member was murdered by other members in an internal purge. N onetheless, it was not until 1983 that the ANS was banned. It subsequently reformed several times under various of names.
Neo-Nazis marched through Hamburg’s main railway station wearing donkey masks and brandishing placards with the slogan ‘I’m such a donkey I still believe that Jews were “gassed” in German concentration camps’. The rally was designed to garner nation-wide attention for the ANS. The extreme right has used donkey masks in its marches ever since.
Michael Kühnen (1955–1991) was a lieutenant and studied at the Bundeswehr military university in Hamburg. He was discharged from the Bundeswehr in 1977 for extreme right-wing activities. Kühnen, who was convicted of numerous crimes, headed up the ANS and several other neo-Nazi organisations. Many neo-Nazis still idolise him to this day.
Even though the ANS campaigned openly for lifting the ban on the Nazi Party, it was still allowed to take part in the Hamburg State elections of 1978. The ANS eventually withdrew its candidacy. The handwritten notes on the programme were made later by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, for documentation purposes.
The ANS used banned Nazi symbols such as the Hitler salute and the swastika, albeit in slightly modified form. Their logo featured the swastika as a white negative. The neo-Nazi group was strengthened and supported by older members and die-hard Nazis.
In the early 1980s, ANS member Michael Frühauf issued a call to arms in the battle against homosexuals and traitors within the organisation's own ranks. Together with Friedhelm Enk and other accomplices he abducted his comrade and known homosexual Johannes Bügner. Enk killed Bügner by stabbing him 22 times.